What caused Cephalohematoma in newborn?

The swelling associated with this condition is a result of the scalp tissues being injured during the delivery process. There are several types of swelling of the scalp that can occur, based on the depth of the swelling and/or the amount of bleeding involved. The different types of swelling are caput succedaneum, cephalohematoma, and subgaleal hematoma. Most types are more common with vaginal deliveries than cesarean sections.

Caput succedaneum: Superficial layers of the scalp with swelling and bruising that generally improves significantly prior to discharge from the hospital.

Cephalohematoma: Bleeding between the outer layer of the scalp bone and the lining of the bone. It is more contained and does not spread past the edge of the bone. It is often present along with caput succedaneum. When the superficial swelling goes away, it is more identifiable. The affected areas are soft and may be on one or both sides of the scalp. They may take several months to completely dissolve. As they go away, they may have a crunchy or crackly feeling to them.

Subgaleal hematoma: Bleeding that occurs deeper under the skin layers, but above the outer layer of the bones. This swelling can be seen all around the scalp and may push the ears forward slightly. Due to the amount of bleeding that can occur, it requires close monitoring and occasionally blood transfusions.